What Does a GIS Analyst Do?

GIS, short for geographic information systems, are computer tools that record, save, validate, and display geographic data. Whether you're using a navigation app to find the nearest gas station or exploring interactive maps on a website, GIS is at work.

GIS also aids federal initiatives. For instance, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) utilizes GIS to map oil spill paths, examine sea level changes, track historical hurricane routes, and more.

A profession as a GIS analyst is multifaceted, requiring proficiency in data analysis, programming, and cartography (mapmaking). Read on to learn more about the job outlook of GIS analysts. 

What is a GIS analyst?

A GIS analyst converts spatial information into a digital format using geographic information systems (GIS). Also known as mapmakers, GIS analysts frequently lend their expertise to exploring and documenting natural resources. 

What does a GIS analyst do?

GIS analysts primarily oversee geographic databases, supporting internal departments that use GIS tools for analysis and decision-making.

Local, state, and federal government agencies and companies specializing in geographic mapping and route planning are the main employers of GIS analysts. A GIS analyst predominantly works indoors with occasional fieldwork for data collection, surveying, or verification.

Tasks and responsibilities

Should you wish to become a GIS analyst, the following offers a breakdown of the tasks you will be handling:

• Sourcing geographic data from satellite imagery and aerial photographs  

• Generating reports on geographic data

• Creating and revising digital maps using GIS software

• Analyzing current geographic patterns and trends

• Facilitating the development of mapping tools

Essential skills of a GIS analyst

The following are some technical and workplace skills you will need as a GIS analyst: 

Technical skills

Mastery of GIS software and tools

GIS software provides various statistical and data analytical tools for examining patterns and relationships among distinct spatial features. ArcGIS, QGIS, and GRASS are among the commonly used GIS software. Skillful use of software enables you to identify landscape trends efficiently.

Raw data interpretation 

As a GIS analyst, you may work with diverse raw data, such as satellite images, land surveys, and aerial photographs. The ability to discern the differences between raw data sources is key to harmonizing and integrating them effectively. This requires a nuanced understanding of each data source's strengths and limitations.

Adeptness in handling databases

Your role as a GIS analyst may also require you to manage relational databases that house geographical data.  A strong command of programming languages, such as SQL and Python, enhances your capacity to harness, present, or modify geographical data as needed.

Workplace skills

Effective communication 

Given the intricate nature of spatial data and technical concepts in GIS analysis, the skill to convey these complexities clearly is an essential soft skill. In this position, you’ll work with other teams in various disciplines and often present the findings from your analysis to others in ways they can understand, regardless of their technical background.

Teamwork 

Different team members bring unique ideas and opinions to the table. By collaborating, you can address GIS challenges from multiple viewpoints. In turn, you can often benefit from more creative solutions and effective approaches to spatial analysis.

GIS analyst salary and job outlook

According to multiple job listing sites, the average annual pay for a GIS analyst ranges from $60,155 to $78,820. The following table lists the salary ranges provided by Payscale, Zippia, and Glassdoor.

According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the demand for surveying or mapping technicians is set to increase by 3 percent between 2022 and 2032 [4]. The projected growth could yield approximately 7,800 new job openings per year during the forecast period [4]. 

How to become a GIS analyst

A predominant educational qualification among GIS analysts is a bachelor's degree, with 73 percent of professionals holding this credential [5]. Following closely is a master's degree, held by 15 percent [5]. So, a bachelor's degree is a fitting choice if you're just starting out. Geography, environmental science, and geology are among the majors you can opt for.

Furthermore, developing familiarity with GIS-related software and databases through internships can significantly improve your job prospects. In addition to exposing you to real-world applications of GIS, internships provide a structured environment for learning and skill development. You may pursue an internship with a government agency or a non-profit organization based on your goals and skill level.

Supplementing your internship with a cartography course can help you gain a holistic understanding of mapmaking. 

What are some popular GIS certifications?

Pursuing a certification can build your skills and demonstrate your competency. Notable certifications you can consider for strengthening your expertise in GIS include:

1. GISP Certification

The GIS Certification Institute (GISCI), a non-profit agency, offers the Certified GIS Professional (GISP).  To earn the GISP Certification, you need to have at least four years of professional experience, fulfill the requirements of Portfolio Review, and successfully pass the GISCI Core Technical Exam.

GISCI also permits new graduates to attain the GISP certification. Upon passing the exam, you have a six-year window from your application date to fulfill the four years of required full-time geospatial experience and submit your portfolio for review and approval.

2. Esri Technical Certification

Esri is a provider of ArcGIS, a widely recognized mapping software. The firm’s Technical Certification exams assess expertise in desktop, developer, and enterprise usage of ArcGIS. Holding an Esri Technical Certification, available in three levels (Entry, Associate, and Professional), is a visible marker of credibility, assuring employers and clients of your competence in GIS and Esri-related technology.

Get started with Coursera.

Get a headstart in GIS with the Fundamentals of GIS from the University of California Irvine on Coursera. This course will introduce you to core geospatial concepts and the basics of ArcGIS. You can also go a bit deeper with the GIS, Mapping, and Spatial Analysis Specialization from the University of Toronto, also on Coursera. You can develop your cartography and spatial analysis skills and expand your knowledge of GIS with this course.