Program Manager vs. Project Manager: What’s the Difference?

Program managers and project managers have related and often intertwining roles. While a project manager orchestrates the success of individual projects, program managers oversee the strategy of all interrelated projects, collectively called a program. Explore each role and its distinctions.

What does a program manager vs. project manager do?

Project managers lead individual projects to completion, while program managers ensure groups of projects are carried out effectively. But how do their day-to-day roles differ?

A program manager oversees groups of projects that are linked through a common organizational goal—collectively called a program. The program manager works to ensure the program aligns with the organization’s larger strategy. They might:

• Work with project managers to plan project schedules, budgets, and goals

• Collaborate with executive management to help achieve an organization’s goals and come up with new strategies

• Facilitate communication across different projects and cross-functional teams

A project manager ensures individual projects are carried out on time, within budget, and aligned with goals. They assemble team members, plan project costs, manage risks, and make sure team members are on schedule. Specific tasks can include:

• Plan and acquire project resources like budget, teams, and tools

• Communicate with stakeholders (including program managers) and project team members to ensure alignment around goals.

• Maintain project progress by motivating team members, addressing pain points, and leading quality assurance.

Read more: What Is a Project Manager? A Career Guide

How is program management vs. project management different?

The differences between project managers and program managers can be broken down largely into three main points:

• Program managers oversee groups of projects, while project managers lead individual projects. This makes the program manager more of a strategic player than the project manager.

• Program managers tend to have more managerial duties than project managers, as they can oversee multiple projects. This can lead to more responsibilities and higher salaries for program managers.

• Projects have limited timeframes, and programs can run without a fixed end. This means a program manager can stay with a program indefinitely while a project manager is in charge of a project from beginning to end. A project manager will move from project to project, while a program manager will usually stay with the same program in their role.

How do these positions work together in practice?

Program managers and project managers work together when projects and programs overlap. Let’s say, for example, that you’re a program manager on a company’s design team. You might be in charge of ensuring project managers on the design team have the resources they need to execute their projects and that their project goals align with the team’s larger goals. If you were a project manager, you might oversee the projects themselves. For example, you might try to redesign the website or update the company’s branding.

What is program management vs. project coordinator

While a program manager oversees the entire program, which could span many different projects, a project coordinator is similar to a project manager in that they focus on one particular project. A project coordinator differs from a project manager because they work more directly with the team implementing the project. For example, a nonprofit organization may have a program manager in charge of the entire administration with individual project managers in charge of each of the programs the organization offers. Those project managers may work off-site to plan the workflow, tasks, and schedule of the project while delegating the day-to-day implementation of those tasks to a project coordinator.

Program vs. project management: Which should I choose?

Both project and program managers organize teams to meet a larger goal. However, because project managers generally move from project to project, project management can be a good choice for those who prefer variety in their work. Becoming a program manager can be rewarding if you have dedicated expertise you can contribute to the well-being of a program.

Program and project management require many of the same skills, and it’s not rare that project managers become program managers. If you’re not sure where to start, consider project management positions, which can lead to program management positions.

Read more: Scrum Master vs. Project Manager: Differences Explained

Program vs. project manager: Salary and job growth

Program manager and project manager salaries

*Data based on average US salaries as of October 2024

Because program managers are often tasked with overseeing multiple projects in a program, several salary aggregation sites list program managers as making higher salaries than project managers. The exception is Indeed, which lists program and project managers as making roughly the same salary.

Program and project manager salaries can depend on many factors, including industry and experience. According to Glassdoor, healthcare program managers, for example, earn an average salary of $90,824[1], while a construction program manager earns $142,617 [2].

Job growth

Program management and project management are both growing fields. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), management occupations are expected to grow faster than average from 2023 to 2033, with about 1.2 million openings projected in the field each year[3]. 

Project vs. program management skills

Project managers are expected to know how to manage risk, balance budgets, and implement project management tools, in addition to having leadership qualities and good communication skills. More specifically, they can include:

• Project management approaches and methodologies (eg. Agile, Waterfall, Scrum)

• Budgeting

• Risk management

• Using and implementing project management tools like Asana, GANTT charts, and burndown charts

Program managers often have strong managerial skills, familiarity with business operations, and project management skills. These can include:

• Operations and/or business knowledge

• Leadership and management

• Project management    

Both project managers and program managers should have the following:

• Industry experience

• Communication

• Cross-functional collaboration

• Organization

Read more: 12 Key Project Management Skills

Program and project manager certifications

Project manager certifications can solidify your expertise in project management or help you start on a path to becoming one.

• Project Management Professional (PMP): The PMP is the most commonly acquired project management certification in the world. The PMP is administered by the Project Management Institute (PMI).

• Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM): The CAPM is designed for candidates who hope to land entry-level project management positions. It’s also administered by the PMI.

• Google Project Management: Professional Certificate: The Google Project Management: Professional Certificate is a certificate program designed to prepare you for entry-level project management positions in six months or less, available on Coursera.

• Scrum Master certifications: Getting a Scrum Master certification often means becoming a Certified Scrum Master (CSM) or Professional Scrum Master (PSM I), though other Scrum Master certifications exist.

Read more: How to Get a PMP Certification: An Overview

Take a quick look at program manager job postings, and you’ll find that requests for program manager certifications are less frequent than certification requests for project managers. Still, program management certifications can be useful for those who want to improve their skills to take on more complex program management assignments.

• Program Management Professional (PgMP): The PMI offers the PgMP, which is designed for experienced program management professionals.

Get started with program or project management on Coursera.

The first step to becoming a project manager is acquiring the necessary skills. Even if you’re an aspiring program manager, you’ll want to have at least a basic understanding of project management. You can learn the essentials of project management through several online courses, like the Google Project Management: Professional Certificate. Learn job-ready skills from top industry experts in six months or less.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)