What Is Computer Engineering? Career Guide + FAQ

Computer engineering is a competitive field in Canada, with many learning institutions looking for students with top grades. While those who want to work in software and programming often pursue computer science, learners interested in robotics and other hardware-specific technologies typically enrol in computer engineering programs. The government anticipates a labour shortage in this field through 2031, making now an excellent time to begin your career journey. 

What is computer engineering?

Computer engineering is a branch of computer science and electrical engineering. This field of study combines several disciplines to design and develop software and hardware systems. 

What's the difference between computer science and computer engineering? 

Although computer science and computer engineering are closely related, they have a few key differences. Both require critical thinking, problem-solving, communication skills, and technical expertise. However, computer scientists focus more on theorizing and developing ways to use software to solve real-world problems. They must be able to work with programming languages such as Python and Java. Computer engineers typically work more closely with hardware and computer systems as a whole. Computer engineering students gain programming skills to assist with software design but generally focus their studies on disciplines like electrical engineering and physics.

What do computer engineers do?

Computer engineers work with all aspects of computer operating systems, from software to robotics. As a computer engineer, you’ll work closely with other engineers and programmers to design computer systems and test their functionality. You’ll remain up to date with the latest technology and update software and hardware to keep systems running smoothly.

Where do computer engineers work?

Computer engineering professionals work in research labs, private sectors, and federal, provincial, and local governments. If you want to become a computer engineer, consider pursuing the specialization or focus area that interests you. You can start researching engineering jobs by browsing job posts. Even if you aren't yet ready to apply, this exercise can help you get a feel for the differences in responsibilities and pay from industry to industry.  

How much do computer engineers make?

The median hourly wage for computer engineers in Canada is $46.63 CAD, according to the Government of Canada Job Bank [1]. For computer systems engineers, the Government of Canada Job Bank lists the same median hourly wage of $46.63 CAD, with a range of $30 CAD to $66.67 CAD [2]. 

How to become a computer engineer

To become a computer engineer, you’ll need to earn a bachelor’s degree. Additionally, some employers require a master's degree. Degrees often pursued in this field include a computer engineering major, with other relevant areas of study, including computer science and electrical engineering. 

If you don't plan on earning a degree or are considering switching from another role, you may supplement your experience with certifications or engineering programs. Introduction to Hardware and Operating Systems is a beginner-friendly option you can use to build a strong foundation of computer engineering knowledge. You can complete this online, self-paced course in just 17 hours. Completing it provides an excellent opportunity to develop the skills and knowledge necessary to identify and describe internal desktop and laptop computer components, interfaces, and peripherals. You'll also earn a shareable certificate from IBM, an industry leader in technology.

Essential workplace and technical skills for computer engineers

• Knowledge of operating systems

• Understanding of computer network and hardware architecture

• Digital and microprocessor engineering design

• Debugging and troubleshooting

• Strong written and verbal communication skills

• Problem-solving and analytical skills

• Critical and creative thinking

Computer engineering specializations

You can choose to specialize in a specific area of computer engineering by taking courses related to the field. A specialization shows prospective employers you have expertise in that field and can give you an advantage against non-specialized computer engineers vying for the same job. Focus areas to consider include computer communications and networking, software, architecture, and cybersecurity. For example, you can specialize in the Internet of Things (IoT) by earning a certificate in IoT Devices from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. 

Engineering experience

The more experience you have as a computer engineer, the more employment prospects you’ll likely have. Internships and work-study programs can give you early career experience to list on your resume. You can find employment and internship opportunities via various job boards, including general employment boards such as ZipRecruiter and sites specializing in technical jobs such as Dice. Or, consider the following online, project-based course:

In the Build a Modern Computer from First Principles program, you will build a computer using a software-based hardware simulator, just like computer engineers design real computers. By the end, you'll have a project to add to your portfolio and a certificate for your resume.

Continue learning about computer engineering on Coursera

Consider a career in computer engineering if you want to use your analytical skills to work with system architecture, hardware, and software. Ready to continue expanding your computer engineering expertise? You can enroll in IBM's online, beginner-friendly course, Introduction to Hardware and Operating Systems on Coursera.