UI vs. UX Design: What’s the Difference?

User interface (UI) and user experience (UX) are two words that you might hear mentioned frequently in tech circles (and sometimes interchangeably). But what do the terms actually mean, and what does it mean to be a UX or UI designer?

UI refers to the screens, buttons, toggles, icons, and other visual elements that you interact with when using a website, app, or other electronic device. UX refers to the entire interaction you have with a product, including how you feel about the interaction. While UI can certainly have an impact on UX, the two are distinct, as are the roles that designers play.

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at how the roles of UX designer and UI designer overlap and differ, and how to know which you should pursue. Finally, we’ll discuss options for getting started, even if you don’t have previous qualifications or experience.

Difference between UI and UX

Developing a product that people love often requires both good UI and good UX. For example, you could have a banking app that looks great and has intuitive navigation (UI). But if the app loads slowly or makes you click through numerous screens to transfer money (UX), it doesn’t matter how good it looks. You’re probably not going to want to use it.

On the other hand, a website could be loaded with unique, helpful content organised in a logical and intuitive way. But if it looks dated or you can’t easily figure out how to move between screens or scroll through options, you’re likely to click away from the site.

Tasks and responsibilities: What do they do?

Both UI and UX designers play key roles in the product development lifecycle. Let’s take a closer look at each.

UX designers focus their work on the experience a user has with a product. The goal is to make products that are functional, accessible, and enjoyable to use. While the term UX often applies to digital products, it can also be applied to non-digital products and services (like a coffee pot or a transportation system). Common tasks for a UX designer might include:

• Conducting user research to identify any goals, needs, behaviours, and pain points involved with a product interaction

• Developing user personas based on target customers

• Creating user journey maps to analyse how a customer interacts with a product

• Building wireframes and prototypes to hone in on what the final product will look like

• Performing user testing to validate design decisions and identify problems

• Collaborating with stakeholders, UI designers, and developers

Learn more: What Does a UX Designer Do?

UI designers create the graphical portions of mobile apps, websites, and devices—the elements that a user directly interacts with. Unlike UX, which can apply to just about any product or service, the term UI applies exclusively to digital products. A UI designer seeks to make apps and websites both visually appealing and easy to navigate. Common tasks of a UI designer include:

• Organising page layouts

• Choosing colour palettes and fonts

• Designing interactive elements, such as scrollers, buttons, toggles, drop-down menus, and text fields

• Making high-fidelity wireframes and layouts to show what the final design will look like

• Working closely with developers to convert designs into a working product

Is there such a thing as a UI/UX designer?

Search for UX on job listing sites, and you’re likely to find companies looking for UI/UX designers. Some companies do sometimes look for candidates with both sets of skills. But often when you start looking more closely at these listings, you’ll find the role leans more towards one than the other. 

When it comes time to begin your job search, pay more attention to the list of tasks or qualifications than the specific job title.

Skills

UI and UX designers have some skills in common, but each role also requires its own unique skill set.

Education

While a degree isn’t always necessary to get a job as a UX or UI designer, having one can often open up new opportunities. Only a few universities offer programmes specific to UI/UX. UX designers might get a degree in computer science, psychology, human-computer interaction, or design. UI designers, on the other hand, might graduate with a degree in digital design, graphic design, or interaction design.

Gaining a University degree, taking a college course, completing an apprenticeship, or volunteering in the field are great ways to build your skills and make yourself a competitive candidate in this industry. To know which path may be best suited for your experience, consider the following general guidelines:

• University degrees will normally require 1 to 3 A levels in relevant subjects (maths, English) depending on whether you complete a degree or higher national diploma. 

• College courses such as A level in Computing will typically require 4 or 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 in relevant subjects. For level 4 or level 5 courses, such as a Level 4 Certificate in Digital Media Design, you will want to have 1 or 2 A levels to make yourself a competitive applicant.

• Apprenticeships typically require 4 or 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 in relevant subjects (maths, English). 

Salary

According to Glassdoor, UI Designers in the UK make an average salary of £51,716 [1]. For UX designers, that figure was £53,356 [2]. Your salary could depend on many factors, including your location, industry, amount of experience, and educational background.

How do I know if UI or UX is a better fit for me?

Both UI and UX design are well-paying careers that are in demand. Which you choose to pursue will depend on your goals and interests. If you’re interested in technology, thrive on variety, and love to solve problems, user experience design might be a good fit. If you’re a creative thinker with a strong aesthetic sense, consider pursuing user interface design. 

If you’re still not sure whether UI or UX is a better fit for you, you can:

• Take a class in each to experience them for yourself

• Read or listen to popular UI/UX blogs and podcasts to hear from experts in each field

• Reach out to industry professionals on LinkedIn for an informational interview

• Join some online design communities to ask questions

• Volunteer in research sessions, user interviewing, or other relevant activities to get first hand experience for what day-to-day life looks like in each role

Other user experience roles

The field of UX extends beyond the two roles of UI and UX designers. If you’re interested in a career in UI/UX, consider these other related roles as well.

• UX researchers study the goals, needs, wants, and pain points of a product’s existing and target users.

• UX writers write the text that appears on websites, apps, and other digital products.

• Interaction designers focus on the ways users interact with digital products in a holistic context.

• Developers take the designs from UI and UX designers and code them into usable software, websites, or applications.

• Product designers lead the entire process of taking a product or service from idea to reality.

• Content strategists oversee the planning and production of marketing content through the lifecycle of a project. 

Have you ever heard of a UX unicorn?

This isn’t a magical, mythical creature. Rather, the term refers to a UX generalist who not only has a full set of UX skills, but also excels at graphic design and coding. Mastering all these skills can take time, so start by working toward one role before levelling up to unicorn status.

Get started in UX

Get an interactive introduction to UX design with the Google UX Design Professional Certificate on Coursera. Build job-ready skills and complete portfolio-ready projects in less than six months—no degree or prior experience required. Start today with a seven-day free trial. Upon completion, gain access to career resources like resume review, interview prep, and more.