The Change Management Process: What Is It and Who Is It For?

Change management is a part of every business. With expectations and requirements to keep up with technology and regulations, businesses and organisations must constantly make changes and adjustments to their practices in order to keep business processes efficient and cost-effective. 

These changes need an effective strategy, planning, and management, which change management professionals are responsible for. Working in change management requires that you have excellent problem-solving abilities, workplace skills, and a penchant for tackling challenges. If you enjoy collaborating with others, solving problems, and managing projects, then change management could be a rewarding career choice for you.

Read on to learn more about what change management actually is, how the change management process works, and different types of change management. You'll also explore careers in the field, learn what they do, and encounter some suggested cost-effective courses that can help you gain job-relevant skills today.

What is change management?

Change management is the process that businesses and organisations use to implement changes through building and delivering effective change strategies. It includes reviewing reasons for change, implementing changes, and helping people adapt to these changes. This could be staff structure, introducing new technology, reducing costs, increasing profits, or a combination of these to reach a desired goal. 

Situations that require a change management process

Change management is necessary within organisations for a number of reasons. Common situations include:

• Implementing new technology

• Leadership or management turnover

• Change in work culture

• Mergers and acquisitions

• Current processes are not working

• Changes in staff and structure

• A time of crisis

What is the change management process?

The change management process refers to the stages involved in any change management strategy and its implementation. Having a strategy and steps helps transformations become successful and ensures that all factors are considered. 

For example, implementing new technology into a business will not just involve the technology change itself. It may affect staffing levels, require structural changes, new recruitment drives, or even redundancies. It may involve significant means for training and impact business costs. Change management processes are all-encompassing.

At a glance, the change management process breaks down into the following five steps:

1. Prepare for change.

This step involves understanding the necessary changes and preparing staff members and stakeholders for what’s to come. It’s an important part of the process, ensuring the change manager supports staff through any concerns and manages resistance by communicating the process and getting buy-in from employees.

2. Create a vision for change.

This stage is about creating the strategy to reach transformation once stakeholders have agreed to change. Those involved set goals and delegate key performance indicators (KPIs) and tasks to the relevant parties. The change management team makes plans to account for possible problems and helps everyone understand their role in managing processes at each level. 

3. Implement changes. 

This step puts the change plans into action. Excellent management and communication are key here, and change managers need to make sure everyone is doing their duties (and that employees are still happy and empowered) to ensure everything runs smoothly. 

4. Embed and solidify changes.

Once the changes have been made, it’s vital to make sure the transformation is in place so that staff members don’t slip back into old ways. This step ensures systems are in place to train staff and clarify new structures, workflows, and rewards. 

5. Review and analyse.

The final stage of the process is important to make sure that changes continue and are beneficial. Change managers review what worked and what didn’t work to make adjustments accordingly. 

Watch the following video from the University of Pennsylvania's Removing Barriers to Change course to learn more about inspiring change:

4 Types of change management

Change can manifest in several ways. Similarly, organisations can take multiple approaches to managing the process of change. The four main types of change include the following:

1. Anticipatory

Anticipatory change is when an organisation makes changes in response to something expected to happen. For example, environmental concerns or new trends the organisation wants to capitalise on can cause stakeholders to anticipate the need for change. 

2. Reactive

Reactive change happens in response to an event that impacts the business. This could be new industry regulations or changes to deal with a pandemic like COVID-19. 

3. Incremental

Incremental change is a series of changes, usually at a micro level, that adds up to wider overall changes. Examples include implementing a reward system, introducing new flexible working policies, or changing office hours. 

4. Strategic

Strategic changes are made at and filtered down from a higher level and impact the whole organisation. An example of this would be a change in leadership or organisational structure. 

Why choose a career in change management?

Change management roles offer challenges, flexibility, and excellent job prospects. According to a Prosci study, 88 per cent of organisations with excellent change management initiatives attained or surpassed their goals [1]. As of July 2024, Naukri features over 37,000 jobs in change management. Change managers typically work in an organisation or independently in a consultancy capacity. 

What does a change manager do?

A change manager is a professional who manages major changes within an organisation. In general, a change manager is responsible for the following:

• Communicating and liaising with management and stakeholders to drive the project forward

• Consulting with staff and relevant parties to manage resistance 

• Creating and overseeing a strategy and timeline for change

• Creating training materials to embed change into company culture

• Helping managers implement change and navigate resistance

• Managing project budgets

• Managing the change process to ensure the process meets its objectives

• Monitoring change and coordinating any activities to support the process

• Producing progress reports to direct any future change initiatives 

What skills do you need for change management?

Whether you’re looking for change management roles as an employee or a self-employed consultant, you need certain transferable skills and some specialist skills. These include:

• Business management

• Detail-oriented

• Excellent communication with people at all levels

• Leadership and management

• Negotiation

• Organisation

• Process improvement 

• Proficiency with business management software 

• Project management

• Time management 

• Training and coaching 

• Trust and relationship building

Examples of change management roles

Various types of employees within an organisation can be part of the change management team, depending on the business. Smaller companies may only have one or two people assigned to these responsibilities, whilst larger companies may hire a large team with specific roles. Outlined below are examples of specific job titles devoted to change management and their average base salaries, according to Glassdoor:

• Change management analyst: ₹12,82,860 [2] 

• Change manager: ₹8,46,019 [3]

• Organisational development consultant: ₹4,24,190 [4] 

• Organisational change manager: ₹24,00,000 [5]

How do you become a change manager?

When considering a career as a change manager, you will need experience, a bachelor's degree, and further qualifications or certifications to verify your credentials.

1. Obtain a bachelor's degree.

To start your career in change management, a minimum requirement will typically be a bachelor's degree in a business-related field, such as business, business administration, human resources, or organisational psychology. 

2. Consider obtaining a certification.

In addition to a bachelor’s degree, any certifications or courses in project management or change management may boost your resume and verify your skills and knowledge in the field.  Many professional change management certificates are available. These may enhance your employability, especially if you have limited experience.

• ACMP Certified Change Management Professional (CCMP)

• MSI Change Management Specialist (CMS)

• Change Guides Managing Change in an Agile World

• Prosci Change Management Certification

• CMI Accredited Change Manager - Foundation

• CMI Accredited Change Manager - Specialist

• CMI Accredited Change Manager - Master

You can also pursue professional certificate programmes and courses designed to help you improve your change management skills. Some include:

• ATD Change Management Certificate

• Google Project Management: Professional Certificate

• UCI Project Management Professional Certificate

• Cornell Change Management Certificate

• Northwestern Change Management Certificate

3. Gain work experience.

Experience is essential to work in change management. Many professionals transitioning into this field have experience in at least a middle management role, where they learn how business structures work and how to manage teams. It’s also possible to find work as a change agent, which may help you advance and gain knowledge and experience in managing change. 

4. Consider a master's degree. 

To really put yourself above your competition for change management roles, you might consider a master’s degree. An MBA is a great option, along with a master’s in organisational psychology. 

Considering a career as a change manager?

Change management describes systematic methods employed within organisations to help employees align with enterprise-wide changes. Amidst rapid technological advancements, change managers are highly sought after in various industries. Start your career journey with some foundational courses to understand change management and build up your knowledge. Strengthen your leadership skills, including change management, in Dartmouth's Strategic Leadership: Impact, Change, and Decision-Making Specialisation.

In the University of Pennsylvania's Removing Barriers to Change, meanwhile, you'll learn about the common barriers to change and how to become more effective in inspiring change within others and your organisation.