What Is Computer Graphics? A Guide to Getting Started

Written by Coursera Staff • Updated on

Discover different types of computer graphics, including vector graphics, raster graphics, and even interactive designs. Plus, explore related design software, careers, and how to get started.

[Featured image] A person in a white sweater sits at a table in a co-working space and works on computer graphics on their laptop.

Learning how to utilise computer graphics effectively can help you create engaging artwork, present your data effectively, and even design interactive videos and presentations. It can provide a solid foundation for everything from enhancing your digital skills to building a successful design career. Explore the basics of computer graphics, software to check out when starting in this field, and what a career might look like if you expand these skills professionally.

What is computer graphics?

Computer graphics refers to a technology that generates images on a computer screen. It’s used in digital photography, film and television, video games, and electronic devices, helping ensure the effective display of images to users. Think of computer graphics as the intersection of design and computer science, with the purpose of delighting and engaging audiences. 

You can find examples of computer graphics in action all around you. Some examples include blockbuster films, such as the 2009 film Avatar, which depicts the Na’vi species using facial motion capture technologies, images and icons you see on your smartphone when you open mobile applications, and data presentations like charts and graphs you might come across in your line of work.  

Types of computer graphics

Computer graphics have revolutionised how people can create and manipulate digital images, animations, and other visualisations. When exploring the world of computer graphics, learning about each type can help you consider different options and which might be right for your purposes.

Raster graphics

A raster graphic is essentially a 2D image composed of rows and columns of square pixels. Each pixel contains information about colour and hue. When combined, pixels form a coherent image. The more pixels per inch the more high-resolution an image. A high-resolution raster graphic will appear sharper and more true-to-life than a low-resolution one.   

Vector graphics 

A vector graphic is made up of shapes and lines. Mathematical formulas determine how the shapes and lines relate to each other, so you can scale vector graphics larger or smaller without distorting the shape or resolution.

CGI, or computer-generated imagery, turns 2D vector graphics into 3D representations and converts them into raster images. CGI is used in TV, film, or video games to depict characters, scenes, and special effects. 

Fun fact: Did you know that the first film to use CGI was Alfred Hitchcock’s 1958 film, Vertigo? Computer animation created the opening credits’ hypnotic swirling spiral [1].

Placeholder

Interactive computer graphics

Interactive computer graphics allow a user to tell a computer how to generate an image. When you start to work with interactive computer graphics, you can try out a few computer graphic functions, such as: 

  • Adding automatic zooming on an interactive scrolling interface to improve the scan of a 2D information space.

  • Adding automatic adjustments to digital sketch programs to easily record ideas in 2D using digital ink. 

  • Adding a dragging feature to clothing animations to improve the experience of adding clothes to 3D characters.

  • Using motion files from a 3D animation database to generate moving characters from stick figure drawings. 

  • Designing indoor lighting using a painting interface to control a robotic lighting system. 

Explore graphic design fundamentals, including computer graphics, in CalArts's Fundamentals of Graphic Design.

Non-interactive computer graphics

In contrast to interactive computer graphics, non-interactive computer graphics do not allow users to determine how images are generated. Examples of non-interactive computer graphics include images for a website or mobile application, 3D animation, and CGI in film. 

Computer graphics software

Using computer graphics software can bring a world of possibilities within reach and allow you to explore your creative and technical potential. Compare the cost, typically inclusive of the goods and services tax (GST) and features of five software programmes to help choose the best option to start your graphic design journey. 

Computer graphics softwareCostFeatures
Adobe InDesign₹733.96/mo incl. GSTText to image generation, interactive layouts, typography tools, automatic stylisation
BlenderFree and open-sourceLighting, textures, shading, sculpting, modelling, and rendering
Adobe Illustrator₹733.96/mo incl. GST after free trialReady-made templates, 3D effects, intertwine text and image, preview colour and opacity in real time
Adobe Photoshop₹733.96/mo incl. GST after free trialInstall plugins, save documents as cloud documents, neutral filters, selection improvements, live gradients
CorelDRAW Graphics Suite 202415-day free trial, prices vary from secondary retailersVector illustration, page layout, font management, typography, photo editing

Computer graphics jobs

A computer graphics designer position is one of several positions you can pursue with computer graphics skills and knowledge. Consider common job titles in this space, including the average total salary in India for each position according to AmbitionBox’s October 2024 data and the qualifications you need for each as you begin charting your career journey. 

Computer graphics designer

Average annual salary: ₹2.2 Lakhs [2]

Qualifications: Knowledge of graphics software; graphic design and computer graphics skills; bachelor’s degree or certificate course in graphic design, computer applications, or technology

As a computer graphics designer, you would use specialised design software for a variety of tasks, depending on your role. You might design graphics for interactive websites, create visuals for print or digital use, or use graphics software to satisfy stakeholders’ needs

Digital designer

Average annual salary: ₹3.5 Lakhs [3]

Qualifications: Bachelor’s degree in visual or animation, graphic design, visual arts, or related field; specialised certificates; knowledge of graphics software; artistic talent

Digital designers use computer software to create digital art and graphic images, transform mockups into intuitive user interfaces, design websites and video games, and generally work creatively with illustrations, photography, and text.

Web developer

Average annual salary: ₹4.5 Lakhs [4]

Qualifications: Bachelor’s or postgraduate degree in computer science or computer engineering; web development certificate; professional boot camp; or self-paced study on web development processes and software 

As a web developer, you build and maintain websites. This might involve writing and testing out new code, debugging existing websites, optimising user-interface designs, providing technical support to project stakeholders, and more. 

Animator

Average annual salary: ₹4.6 Lakhs [5]

Qualifications: Diploma in animation and multimedia; bachelor’s degree in animation; postgraduate degree in animation

Animators sketch scenes, create storyboards, and animate characters. In this position, you may also develop props and scenery, collaborate with other creatives to animate films and games, develop multimedia presentations, and more.

Video game designer

Average annual salary: ₹11.3 Lakhs [6]

Qualifications: Diploma in game design; undergraduate degree in game design; postgraduate degree in game design

As a video game designer, you would create art and visual elements for video games, use software to build characters, objects, textures, clothing, etc., collaborate with teams and stakeholders to complete projects and provide ongoing collaboration and feedback with your production team. 

UI Designer

Average annual salary: ₹6.1 Lakhs [7]

Qualifications: Relevant degree may be helpful; knowledge of design tools, user experience principles, and design principles 

User interface (UI) designers focus on creating designs that are visually appealing and easy to engage with by users. You might work with mobile apps, websites, or products to create intuitive and appealing interfaces. 

How to get started in computer graphics 

Building your computer graphics knowledge and skill set is essential. Once you’re ready to start your computer graphics journey, you can take several steps to prepare for your first position. 

1. Get a computer graphics education.

Identify the career path you want to follow, the projects you want to complete, and the skills, education, and qualifications you’ll need. Jobs in computer graphics often require a relevant degree or certification in the area you’re interested in or another form of demonstrated knowledge of the relevant skills. If you already have a degree in a different area, you may be able to build the necessary skills by taking courses, bootcamps, or getting a certification in a specific area of computer graphics. For example, to become a UI designer, you’ll need to learn professional skills related to user personas, information architecture, wireframing, and how to create user-friendly digital products. 

2. Experience graphics software for yourself.

As you build skills inside the courses you’re taking, you’ll want to gain exposure to different graphics software programs. That way, you can apply your new skills, launch new projects, and choose the best one for you. Use the table above to guide your software research. Vet software programs according to their cost, features, ease of use, job requirements, and relevance to your goals. 

Tip: Consider signing up for free trials of different graphics software programs before making a full investment. 

Placeholder

3. Complete computer graphics projects.

Completing projects in computer graphics can be a great way to apply your new skills, refine your long-term goals, explore your potential, and bring ideas to life. You may find it helpful to complete projects that span different areas of computer graphics, from designing and developing websites to animating characters for film or gaming. 

Want to get inspired? Create a digital mood board in this 2-hour Guided Project, Enhance User Interface Design with Mood Boards in Miro

Placeholder

4. Create a portfolio of your work. 

As you complete computer graphics projects, add them to an online portfolio or website that you can use when applying for jobs, taking on contract work, or networking with others in this field. Be sure the portfolio displays the visual aspects of your work, your skills, and how your work is used. Consider sharing your portfolio and resume on social media and even creating a profile on talent sites such as Upwork or Fiverr. 

5. Apply for jobs in computer graphics. 

If your long-term goal is to pursue a career in computer graphics and advance in this field, it’s a good idea to gain some experience. Look for entry-level positions, freelance and contract work, and internships. In your search for employment, examine each job description carefully to find out the projects and tasks you’ll be completing, the qualifications required, and details about the company. 

Build computer graphics skills on Coursera

Computer graphics is an exciting field involving the design and manipulation of visual imagery, such as pictures, videos, and animations. To explore different types of computer graphics and build your portfolio, you can sign up for Professional Certificate programmes from top Universities and industry leaders on Coursera to build skills like wireframing, using Adobe software tools, designing user experiences, and graphic design.  

Article sources

1

Stikky media. “The History of CGI in Movies, https://www.stikkymedia.com/history-of-cgi-in-movies/.” Accessed 16 October 2024.

Updated on
Written by:
Coursera Staff

Editorial Team

Coursera’s editorial team is comprised of highly experienced professional editors, writers, and fact...

This content has been made available for informational purposes only. Learners are advised to conduct additional research to ensure that courses and other credentials pursued meet their personal, professional, and financial goals.

Whether you're starting your career or trying to advance to the next level, experts at Google are here to help.

Save money and learn in-demand skills from top companies and organizations.