This is a course on social norms, the rules that glue societies together. It teaches how to diagnose social norms, and how to distinguish them from other social constructs, like customs or conventions. These distinctions are crucial for effective policy interventions aimed to create new, beneficial norms or eliminate harmful ones. The course teaches how to measure social norms and the expectations that support them, and how to decide whether they cause specific behaviors. The course is a joint Penn-UNICEF project, and it includes many examples of norms that sustain behaviors like child marriage, gender violence and sanitation practices.
This is Part 1 of the Social Norms, Social Change series. In these lectures, I introduce all the basic concepts and definitions, such as social expectations and conditional preferences, that help us distinguish between different types of social practices like customs, descriptive norms and social norms. Expectations and preferences can be measured, and these lectures explain how to measure them. Measurement is crucial to understanding the nature of the practice you are facing, as well as whether an intervention was or was not successful, and why. In Part 2, we will put into practice all we have learned in Part 1.
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Welcome Social Norms, Social Change. This course aims to give you the tools to understand, measure, and change collective practices. This module focuses on two of the basic building blocks the theory of social norms is built on: the distinction between interdependent and independent behavior, and empirical expectations.
Introduction to Interdependent and Independent Behavior•2 minutes
1.1•4 minutes
1.2•5 minutes
1.3•5 minutes
1.4•2 minutes
1.5•5 minutes
1.6•5 minutes
Introduction to Empirical Expectations•2 minutes
2.1•4 minutes
2.2•5 minutes
2.3•4 minutes
2.4•2 minutes
2.5•4 minutes
7 readings•Total 22 minutes
What makes a behavior independent versus interdependent?•2 minutes
What is a custom?•4 minutes
How do the concepts of interdependent and independent behavior apply in the wild?•4 minutes
What are social expectations?•1 minute
What are empirical expectations?•1 minute
How do unilateral and multilateral expectations relate to imitation and coordination?•6 minutes
What is a descriptive norm?•4 minutes
2 assignments•Total 32 minutes
Quiz #1: Independent and Interdependent Behavior•16 minutes
Quiz #2: Empirical Expectations•16 minutes
2 discussion prompts•Total 20 minutes
Customs in practice•10 minutes
Descriptive norms in practice•10 minutes
Normative Expectations + Personal Normative Beliefs
Module 2•3 hours to complete
Module details
This module adds two more of the basic building blocks of the theory: normative expectations and personal normative beliefs. Although both are "normative" — that is, both have a component dealing with a "should" — there are important differences between normative expectations and personal normative beliefs.
Introduction to Personal Normative Beliefs•1 minute
4.1•5 minutes
4.2•5 minutes
4.3•2 minutes
6 readings•Total 60 minutes
What are Normative Expectations?•10 minutes
Sanctions•10 minutes
Reference Network Dependence•10 minutes
Non-Prudential Personal Normative Beliefs•10 minutes
Personal Normative Beliefs vs. Normative Expectations•10 minutes
Attitudes vs. Personal Normative Beliefs•10 minutes
2 assignments•Total 46 minutes
Quiz 3: Normative Expectations•30 minutes
Quiz 4: Personal Normative Beliefs•16 minutes
2 discussion prompts•Total 20 minutes
Normative Expectations in Practice•10 minutes
Personal Normative Beliefs in Practice•10 minutes
Conditional Preferences + Social Norms
Module 3•2 hours to complete
Module details
In this module we cover two topics: conditional preferences and social norms. Conditional preferences are the final basic building block of the theory of social norms. After studying all these building blocks, we can finally assemble them to understand what it means for a collective practice to be a social norm.
What makes a preference a conditional preference?•6 minutes
What is a social norm?•6 minutes
How do sanctions relate to social norms?•5 minutes
How can we diagnose a collective practice?•2 minutes
2 assignments•Total 32 minutes
Quiz 5: Conditional Preferences•16 minutes
Quiz 6: Social Norms•16 minutes
2 discussion prompts•Total 20 minutes
Conditional preferences in practice•10 minutes
Social norms in practice•10 minutes
Pluralistic Ignorance + Measuring Norms
Module 4•4 hours to complete
Module details
This module covers two important topics: pluralistic ignorance and norm measurement. Sometimes individuals endorse their social norms, but sometimes they do not. Knowing when a norm is endorsed is crucial for intervention. But how do we know we are dealing with a social norm or whether it's endorsed? Measurement answers that question.
The University of Pennsylvania (commonly referred to as Penn) is a private university, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. A member of the Ivy League, Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, and considers itself to be the first university in the United States with both undergraduate and graduate studies.
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MF
4·
Reviewed on Apr 27, 2020
Helpful framework for determining how to shift social norms. The detail in which the instructor teases out the nuanced ways to assess why individuals act the way they do is very helpful
V
VC
5·
Reviewed on Jan 13, 2024
It's a challenging but fulfilling course that enables you to fully understand the world a little bit better. Make sure to take notes, plenty of notes if you have no memory like me!
T
TA
5·
Reviewed on May 15, 2019
Was a fascinating course that highlighted we human beings are driven by norms and societal expectation. Negative norms can be turned positive with the right kind of intervention.
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