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January 28, 2025
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Instructors: Ge Gao 高歌, Ph.D.
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欢迎选修北京大学MOOC课程“生物信息学:导论与方法”。
近三十年来,生命科学与计算科学飞速发展。生物信息学是一门生命科学与计算科学的前沿交叉学科。生物信息学产生和迅猛发展的主要推动力来自于新一代测序等高通量技术在生命科学领域越来越广泛的应用。目前,人和很多动植物的基因组已经被测序出来。已知DNA序列的数量已超过20兆亿碱基,每五个月翻一番。这些前所未有的大数据中蕴藏着很多尚不为人知的新发现、新知识,给生命科学研究带来新的历史机遇。但是同时,这些大数据不仅数量巨大、持续呈现指数增长的趋势,而且噪音高,异构程度高。准确、快速地分析这些数据需要先进的计算方法。 生物信息学是一门强大的新技术,是用来分析、存储、搜索海量生物医学数据的信息技术和计算技术。另一方面,生物信息学是一种研究生命科学问题的新方法、新思路,是一种从全基因组出发、从系统水平出发、基于数据整合,提出新假说、发现新规律的研究方法。在这门“生物信息学:导论与方法”网上课程中,我们将向您系统地讲授生物信息学主要概念及方法。课程内容从基础的序列比对开始,循序渐进,围绕深度测序数据分析、计算基因组学、分子通路鉴定等当前研究的前沿热点内容进行介绍与讨论。进一步地,我们会以我们实验室自己开发的算法、软件及数据库为例,告诉您如何开发新的生物信息学技术。我们将用具体实例展示给您,如何用生物信息学的方法及研究思路来解决生命科学里的实际问题。我们也邀请到几位生命科学领域资深教授介绍相关的生物信息学重要工作及生物信息学在生命科学中的作用。 本课程材料采用 CC BY-NC-SA 协议开放共享。
欢迎选学“生物信息学:导论与方法”网上课程!完成本模块的课程后你将可以:熟悉生物信息学的基本概念;了解生物信息这一年轻领域的历史;体会生物信息学的迅猛发展。课程补充材料可以加深你对课程讲座内容的理解,虽然小测和考试对这些内容不作要求。
4 videos2 readings1 assignment
完成本模块的课程后你将可以: 掌握基于动态规划编程思想的序列比对算法; 区分Needleman-Wunsch全局比对算法和Smith-Waterman局部比对算法; 了解空位罚分背后的原理和计算算法的复杂度将帮助你在你自己的研究中应用现有的生物信息学工具; 你还可以一睹Smith-Waterman算法的发明人Michael Waterman博士的风采。
8 videos2 readings1 assignment
完成本模块的课程后你将可以:熟悉序列数据库搜索和最常见的序列数据库;领略BLAST背后算法的奥妙;掌握日后在你自己的科研项目中调节BLAST参数的方法。
3 videos2 readings1 assignment
完成本模块的课程后你将可以:了解状态转移、马尔科夫链、马尔科夫模型的基本概念;亲手完成一个隐马尔科夫模型;利用隐马尔可夫模型在一个实际的生物学问题中作出预测。
7 videos2 readings1 assignment
完成本模块的课程后你将可以:描述新一代测序的特点;了解你得到的NGS变异结果是用哪些序列回帖和变异鉴定方法完成的;亲历NGS数据分析流程,体会其中生物信息工具在NGS数据分析中的应用。本模块是模块7的先修模块。
7 videos2 readings1 assignment
完成本模块的课程后你将可以:了解什么是变异功能预测和如何进行变异功能预测;在你得到一些可能的变异位点时学会利用变异数据库解决自己的研究问题;了解变异预测工具(SIFT,Polyphen和SAPRED等)背后的机理差异并会在自己的研究课题中按需应用这些工具。
6 videos2 readings1 assignment
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完成本模块的课程后你将可以:了解转录组数据是如何产生的;掌握转录组分析中的重要计算方法;体验RNA-seq的数据分析流程;本模块是模块9的先修模块。
9 videos2 readings1 assignment
完成本模块的课程后你将可以:掌握从转录组数据中分析非编码RNA的方法;掌握从NGS数据中鉴定长非编码RNA(lncRNA)并预测其功能的方法。
5 videos2 readings1 assignment
完成本模块的课程后你将可以:了解本体论和基因本体轮等重要定义;了解KEGG通路数据库;了解GO的注释消息;在药物成瘾研究中学会使用KOBAS进行通路分析。
8 videos2 readings1 assignment
完成本模块的课程后你将可以:高屋建瓴的去了解最重要的生物信息资源(生物信息数据库和软件工具等);对NCBI, EBI, UCSC 基因组浏览器这样集中型的生物信息资源与各种独立的生物信息资源的概况有广泛的了解和认识;将你的研究内容和相关生物信息资源联系在一起。
6 videos1 reading1 assignment
完成本案例模块的课程后你将可以:体验生物信息数据、方法和分析是如何解决一个重要的演化问题的;领略物种特异性新基因的起源、演化、功能研究和分析方法;和享誉全球的新基因研究泰斗——芝加哥大学龙漫远教授一起学习建立系统发育树(选学)。
5 videos2 readings1 assignment
完成本案例模块的课程后你将可以:亲历生物信息学方法对DNA甲基化酶的功能和演化的研究;与中科院院士、同济大学校长裴刚教授一起分享科研经历和对网络开放课程的哲思。
5 videos1 reading
1 assignment
We asked all learners to give feedback on our instructors based on the quality of their teaching style.
Peking University is determined to make its education openly accessible to students in China and around the world. With over 3000 faculty members, Peking University offers excellence in teaching and learning. Founded in 1898, Peking University (PKU) was the first national comprehensive university in China. For the past 115 years, with its hundreds of thousands of outstanding alumni, Peking University has made prominent contributions in the humanities and sciences to further China's prosperity and progress.
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Reviewed on Mar 27, 2016
Interesting and well organized , like it ~ xiexie nong ~
Reviewed on Feb 15, 2016
Interesting course and wonderful speech. Requires some mathematic and computational basis.
Reviewed on Jan 2, 2017
老师讲课很棒,比较注重方法和思维方式,而不仅仅是课程内容。课程过程中请到的各种大牛也是让我大大长见识。再次感谢魏丽萍老师、高歌老师以及所有参与此次课程的前辈们。
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