What Is Random Access Memory?

Random access memory (RAM) refers to the primary memory where your devices store data and application programs for quick access by their processor. As opposed to hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs), RAM can read and write data faster.

An important characteristic of RAM is its volatility. RAM stores data while the computer is on but loses it when turned off. Upon rebooting, the computer loads the operating system and other files back into the RAM from an HDD or SSD.

RAM placement inside a computer

It’s common to find RAM chips affixed to a computer’s motherboard. To overcome their individual storage limitations, manufacturers combine and solder multiple RAM chips, creating a single integrated circuit (IC) board known as a module. Pins or connectors help attach multiple memory modules to the motherboard.

Computers usually have at least two RAM modules, with the option to add more if necessary. These modules work with the computer's central processing unit (CPU) to ensure optimal performance.

The inner workings of a RAM

RAM functions as a set of boxes, each capable of storing either a 0 or a 1. These boxes, called cells, possess specific addresses determined by their row and column positions. The RAM controller sends row and column addresses to locate specific cells using embedded wires. Each row and column has a unique address line within the RAM array (collection of boxes). A separate data line delivers any fetched data. 

Types of RAM

RAM has two prevalent forms: dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and static random access memory (SRAM). Below, explore each in more detail.

• DRAM: This form requires continuous power and periodic refreshing to retain data. Gaming consoles and computer networking devices utilise DRAM.

• SRAM: This form also requires continuous power but doesn't require frequent refreshing. It’s commonly found in LCD screens, cameras, and printers. Notably, SRAM is faster than DRAM.

Did you know? RAM technologies are not easily replaceable or interchangeable. The distinct properties of different RAM modules prohibit them from being inserted into the same computer.

DRAM vs. SRAM: Which is better?

With its simpler structure and higher data storage capacity, DRAM is less expensive to manufacture than SRAM. This cost advantage makes DRAM more commonly used, serving as the main memory in most PCs. That said, SRAM finds its application in scenarios that call for quick access to data, such as wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

Is RAM susceptible to malware?

RAM is typically resistant to malware infections since it clears its data upon rebooting. However, certain types of malware, such as point-of-sale (PoS) malware, aim to infiltrate point-of-sale systems and card readers to capture payment data. This technique, known as RAM scraping, involves scanning the RAM of digital devices to extract sensitive information.

Related terms

• CPU

• BIOS

• Binary code

• Motherboard

• IT jobs

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Random access memory (RAM) provides fast and temporary storage of data and programs for quick processor access. Despite its volatility, RAM is critical for optimising the overall performance of computers and other electronic devices.

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