Leading trends in crisis management relevant to the internal and external landscape of the organization are reviewed in this module, to provide an outlook for moving forward. Societal and cultural dynamics continue to be prominent factors in effective crisis management. You'll learn how cross-domain collaboration and consideration for transboundary impacts can strengthen and expand the ability to effectively prepare and respond to crisis events. By the end of this module, you'll understand that complexity and uncertainty contribute to the process and application of adaptive management principles and initiatives.

In Module 3, we’ll consider the impact of COVID-19 on critical infrastructure resilience. Next, we’ll take a fresh look at climate change and some of the difficult challenges it presents. Lastly, we'll look at sustainable development as a multidimensional endeavor involving systems of systems across local, regional, national, and global scales.

In Module 4, you’ll look at human and organizational resilience in the context of critical infrastructure resilience. We’ll consider how human and organizational capacities to respond and recover from unanticipated events can enhance or diminish the resilience of CI systems. With these considerations in mind, you’ll examine how human choices can impact vulnerability and exposure to disruptions. Finally, we’ll look at an alternative framework for assessing the capacity to respond to unanticipated events. The generic nature of the framework is suitable to address a wide range of different types of disruptions.

In this last instructional module, you’ll explore concepts and frameworks for integrating resilience engineering with principles and practices of leadership in crisis. First, we’ll look at an initiative to identify and track innovative approaches to sustainable and resilient infrastructure. Then we examine a conceptual framework for linking psychological human development and resilience with critical infrastructure resilience. Complexity leadership is explored in the context of complex adaptive systems along with a set of practical principles and practices for implementation. Resilience thinking is presented as a method for working with socio-ecological systems and extended to socio-technical systems. Finally, you'll discover that leadership in crisis is considered to be an ongoing practice and a new norm regarding conventional concepts of leadership.